Driving unit

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a driving unit especially adapted to adjusting devices for motor vehicles and comprising an electric motor ( 1 ), a gear box ( 2 ) and an electronic control device ( 15 ). The invention is characterized in that at least one element of the electric motor ( 1 ), for example, at the driving shaft ( 9 ), the magnetic short-circuit ( 5 ) or the motor side crankcase casing ( 11 ), additionally provides a gear box ( 2 ) mechanical feature and/or in that a mechanical member, for example, a gear box ( 12 ) side crankcase casing, provides an electric motor ( 1 ) or electronic control device ( 15 ) feature.

[0001] The invention relates to a drive unit with an electric motor, a gearbox and an electronic control device, more particularly for adjustment devices in motor vehicles.

[0002] A drive unit with a reduction gearbox of the type already mentioned is known from DE 197 08 310A. With this reduction gearbox which is also termed “harmonic drive gearbox” inside a rigid support ring which has a cylindrical internally toothed supporting area, there is an externally toothed radially flexible rolling bush which is elastically deformed through a suitable drive device which consists inter alia of a planetary wheel unit mounted inside the rolling bush and having a sun wheel mounted on a drive shaft and driven by same, whereby the teeth of two planetary wheels engage the external toothing of the sun wheel at two opposite places. The internal and external toothing differ by one tooth or several teeth. The toothed rim of the radially flexible rolling bush is pressed by the elliptically formed inner core of the drive unit into the cylindrical internally toothed supporting face of the rigid support ring.

[0003] As a result of the different number of teeth in the supporting surface and rolling bush a permanently continuous off-set stagger is produced between the interengaging circumferential sections so that one complete revolution of the drive shaft only causes the rolling bush to move on by the proposed difference between the number of teeth in the support ring and rolling bush. A very high reduction can thereby be achieved with a harmonic drive gearbox of this kind.

[0004] From DE 28 31 774 C2 an electric motor is known having a disc rotor in whose flat air gap an iron-free stator winding is mounted which is associated at least on one side with a permanently magnetised ring with axially magnetised segments and on both sides with soft magnetic flat discs for the magnetic short circuit. An electrodynamic tachogenerator is mounted coaxial with the rotor shaft so that the most compact unit possible is produced for the electric motor and tachogenerator.

[0005] The known unit of electric motor and tachogenerator consists of coaxial function elements of the electric motor and tachogenerator arranged in a row side by side wherein each unit is fully capable of functioning per se when the individual function elements are separated from each other.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a drive unit of the kind already mentioned which is characterised by the following properties:

[0007] minimal number of parts, minimal weight and volume through a high degree of integration of the drive components electric motor, electronics, sensor system and mechanical component parts as well as possibility of increasing the degree of integration through incorporating the drive unit in a base part, such as door module, support plate or the like;

[0008] low production costs;

[0009] dispensing with a separate gear housing and electronics connections as well as the need for providing for right and left housings;

[0010] possibility of installing the drive unit in any angular position and providing a single assembly plane and thus a variable use, particularly for adjustment devices.

[0011] This is achieved according to the invention through the features of claim 1.

[0012] The electric motor formed as a disc rotor can consist selectively of a mechanically commutated motor with a rotor disc supporting the electric windings and the collector, a stator supporting the at least one permanent magnet, and a commutating device connected to the housing shell on the motor side, or of an electronically commutated motor with a disc like permanent magnet rotor and fixed exciter coils.

[0013] The use of an electronically commutated motor is particularly advantageous in the case of a 42 volt mains network since electronically commutated motors can be connected in a particularly advantageous manner with flat built gearboxes of the cycle or harmonic drive principle.

[0014] When using an electronically commutated motor the fixed exciter coils can be mounted on one or on both sides of the disc like permanent magnet rotor.

[0015] The rotating permanent magnet rotor guarantees the shortest flow paths for the magnetic circuit and consists in particular of a combination of a support material of plastics or light metal with embedded permanent magnets. These are particularly formed as sintered or injected neodymium iron bore magnets wherein the injected neodymium iron bore magnets are made using the twin-component technology and are a direct constituent part of the permanent magnet rotor.

[0016] The solution according to the invention provides with the minimal number of parts, minimal weight and volume of the drive unit an extremely high degree of integration of the individual drive components of the drive unit which are no longer arranged in a row independently of each other but are linked together so that when separating the drive components each individual part of the drive unit would be no longer able to function, that is that in particular with the omission of a motor element the gear would be incapable of functioning and with the omission of a gear element the motor would be incapable of functioning. The structural space available for housing the drive unit is thus utilised in optimum manner.

[0017] Furthermore the solution according to the invention guarantees a variable use of the drive unit since separate gear housing and electronics connections, like the need for providing right and left hand housings are unnecessary and installation of the drive unit in any angular position is possible. Reducing the number of parts and as a result of the high degree of integration as well as providing a single assembly plane all contribute to lowering the production costs of the drive unit.

[0018] To output maximum torque the gear integrated in the drive unit is formed as a reduction gearbox, more particularly as revolving wheel gear in the form of a cyclo, Wolfrom, planetary, tumbler or harmonic drive gearbox.

[0019] Suitable electric motors are direct current and alternating current motors of flat construction with mechanical or electronic commutation, more particularly disc rotor motors.

[0020] The high degree of integration of the drive unit according to the invention is reached inter alia in that at least one part of the components of the individual drive components, such as disc rotor motor and reduction gearbox, is supported on alternate sides, or serves as supporting component for holding or supporting component parts of each other drive components or of an electronic control device; more particularly at least one component part of the electric motor, for example the drive shaft, the magnetic short circuit or the housing shell on the motor side additionally provides a mechanical function of the gearbox and/or a mechanical component part, for example the housing shell on the gear side provides a function of the electric motor or of the electronic control device. It is thereby reached that as a result of multiple functions by specific components the number of component parts required and the amount of material used can be reduced.

[0021] A significant component part for increasing the degree of integration of the drive unit represents the magnetic short circuit of the electric motor, more particularly a disc rotor motor. The magnetic short circuit can serve both as supporting component part to hold different components of the drive unit and also for supporting and stabilising drive components which can be correspondingly reduced in the mechanical inherent stability. Furthermore the magnetic short circuit can be used as supporting element for holding retaining or fixing elements or for fixing the crankcase casings on the motor side and gear side or for attaching the drive unit on a base part such as support plate, door module or other support.

[0022] On the other hand the magnetic short circuit can be simplified for example by reducing its dimensions by integrating the drive unit into a base part so that the base part undertakes at least in part some mechanical supporting functions and in the case of a ferromagnetic design of the base part also serves as part of the magnetic short circuit path.

[0023] In particular the magnetic short circuit of an electric motor, more particularly a disc rotor motor, can serve in conjunction with a reduction gearbox to take up the internal teeth of a hollow wheel which is fixed relative to the housing. The integration of the internal teeth of the hollow wheel fixed relative to the housing into the magnetic short circuit can take place selectively in that either the magnetic short circuit directly supports the internal teeth of the hollow wheel fixed relative to the housing by for example milling, stamping or shaping in some other way the internal teeth into the inside ring face of a circular ring shaped magnetic short circuit, or by injection moulding the internal teeth of the hollow wheel fixed on the housing as plastics teeth on the magnetic short circuit.

[0024] Injection moulding the plastics teeth can be carried out by injection moulding the internal teeth on a retracted spline formed on the surface of the magnetic short circuit, that is the spline is shaped by a toothed core formed on the magnetic short circuit and the injected plastics which forms the actual toothed spline, or the internal teeth are injection moulded on the radial recesses and/or projections of the magnetic short circuit. In the last mentioned embodiment protrusions or indentations are formed on the inside face of the magnetic short circuit and serve to take up and fix the position of an injection moulded plastics toothed spline.

[0025] Furthermore the magnetic short circuit can contain means for locating and positioning the magnetic source of the electric motor which are connected tablet like, circular ring segment like or circular like to the magnetic short circuit and are formed on the magnetic short circuit. Alternatively a one piece assembly of the magnet source and magnetic short circuit is also possible by way of example by using hard and soft magnetic materials.

[0026] The magnetic short circuit preferably has after the fixing of the drive unit at least in part a first contact with the door inner panel, door module or a support plate of a vehicle door and is only reinforced in the flow-conducting region.

[0027] As a further component for producing a high degree of integration of the drive unit the drive shaft forms both the motor and gear shaft of the drive unit and in the case of reduction gearbox formed as planetary gearbox directly as the driving sun wheel and/or as the bearing seat for the web of the planetary gearbox and the revolving planetary wheels or rollers.

[0028] Furthermore the drive shaft can serve with the hub as support for the energised armature disc of a slip ring rotor motor and as bearing point for the cable drum of a window lifter drive.

[0029] In one embodiment of the invention the drive shaft is fixedly connected to a hub which is preferably comprised of a hub plate injection moulded on the rotor disc, and a hub cylinder surrounding the centre region of the drive shaft. The hub plate can be fitted with axes spaced radially relative to the drive shaft for holding the planetary wheels which form the drive core of the reduction gearbox.

[0030] In a further embodiment of the invention the hub supports the rotor disc with the electric windings and the collector, preferably a flat collector.

[0031] The degree of integration of the drive unit according to the invention can be raised further if the crankcase casing on the motor side consists of a ferromagnetic material and itself is part of the magnetic short-circuit. As an alternative to this the crankcase casing on the motor side can be made of plastics and connected to a ferro-magnetic short circuit element. Furthermore the crankcase casing on the motor side can be an integral constituent part of a support element, for example a conductor plate, of the electronic control device or can be connected to the said electronic control device.

[0032] In a further development of the solution according to the invention the crankcase casing on the motor side supports the commutating device for the electric motor and/or a sensor unit for the drive unit.

[0033] Alternatively the rotor disc itself can be the transmitter for the various different sensors, for example optoelectronic or magnetic sensors.

[0034] A further aid to increasing the degree of integration of the drive unit is achieved if the gearbox side crankcase casing supports a bearing element whose inner region supports the comparatively fast-running drive shaft and whose outer region supports the comparatively slow running output hollow wheel, for example a cable drum for a cable window lifter of a motor vehicle, without interaction, that is without the appearance of mutual friction or bending influences as a result of the radial bearing strain through the cable drum or drive shaft.

[0035] In order to be able to use the drive unit with its high degree of integration according to the invention in wet and dry space areas, for example in a vehicle door without additional sealing expense, additional structural measures are provided in the integrated drive unit, such as for example

[0036] a conical water drainage channel which is formed in the injection moulded plastics toothed spline of the hollow wheel of the reduction gearbox fixed on the housing and which sealingly adjoins an inner face of the output hollow wheel facing the electric motor. Through this measure it is possible for example to place the driven hollow wheel and the gearbox side crankcase casing as well as parts of the drive core in the wet space area of a vehicle door whilst the motor side crankcase casing, the rotor disc as well as the permanent magnets and bearing of the drive core can be mounted on the dry space side of the vehicle door.

[0037] Providing blade elements formed for example as rotating air guide blades in order to create an axial ventilator on the hub with which an air stream is drawn in from the dry space side of the drive unit and discharged to the wet space side of the drive unit through the driven hollow wheel and the crankcase casing on the gearbox side.

[0038] Through this measure there is an air flow from the dry space (motor chamber) to the wet space (gearbox chamber) for cooling the electronic and motor components and the penetration of damp and moisture is prevented.

[0039] In order to increase the smooth running, functional reliability and to generate high torque on the sides of the driven hollow wheel of the gearbox it is advantageous to use a reduction gearbox formed as a revolving wheel gearbox with a toothed radially flexible ring and having the following properties:

[0040] smooth running, high inner system damping, sound and vibration absorbing;

[0041] tolerance-compensating, free of backlash;

[0042] optimum transfer of different torque and speeds to the outside and inside of the radially flexible ring;

[0043] shape stable and permanently durable;

[0044] low friction;

[0045] transfer of large forces with small surface pressures (large number of teeth or force transfer faces in engagement, i.e. optimum engagement conditions).

[0046] When using the drive unit according to the invention for a cable window lifter of a motor vehicle the driven hollow wheel is formed as a cable roller and the gearbox side crankcase casing has openings for passing through the window lifter cable. Through these measures and through a variable suspension for the window lifter cable in the cable winding of the cable roller and through the direct connection between the Bowden supports and the gearbox side crankcase casing it is possible to provide variable exits for the window lifter cable and thus to fit the drive unit in any position relative to the cable guides on a support panel or in a door module.

[0047] Furthermore special cable mountings can be provided on the cable drum so that the window lifter cable can be hung at the end of assembly.

[0048] When using the drive unit according to the invention for adjusting devices in motor vehicles the drive unit can be connected to a base part such as a door module, support plate or the like so that the base part provides a mechanically stabilising or supporting function. Furthermore the ferro magnetic base part provides in part short circuit functions and serves when using semi conductor end stages to feed the electric motor as coolant body and/or discharge the latent heat of the electric motor. The last-mentioned possibility provides an additional protection against thermal overload of the electric motor and a reduction in the motor weight.

[0049] The idea on which the invention is based will now be explained in further detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings in which:

[0050]FIG. 1 shows a section through a drive unit with a mechanically commutated disc rotor motor and a reduction gearbox designed as a revolving wheel gearbox with a toothed radially flexible ring;

[0051]FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the gearbox parts of the reduction gearbox according to FIG. 1;

[0052] FIGS. 3 to 6 show diagrammatic perspective views of parts of the drive unit according to FIG. 1;

[0053]FIG. 7 shows a sectional view through a drive unit with an electronically commutated disc rotor motor with exciter coils fixedly mounted on one side and with a reduction gearbox formed as a revolving wheel gearbox with a toothed radially flexible ring;

[0054]FIG. 8 shows a section through a drive unit with an electronically commutated disc rotor motor with fixed exciter coils mounted on both sides;

[0055]FIG. 9 shows a sectional view through a reduction gearbox formed as a revolving wheel gearbox with a toothed radially flexible ring;

[0056]FIG. 8 shows a sectional view through the reduction gearbox according to FIG. 9 along the line X-X and

[0057]FIG. 11 shows an exploded view of a drive unit in connection with a motor vehicle door as base part.

[0058] The drive unit illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 6 consists of the integration of an electric motor formed as a mechanically commutated disc rotor motor 1, and a reduction gearbox formed as a revolving wheel gearbox with a toothed radially flexible ring, as a drive unit for a cable window lifter. The high degree of integration of the drive unit is shown in particular by the sectional view in FIG. 1 and the gearbox parts of the reduction gearbox illustrated on a larger scale in FIG. 2, which illustrate the multiple function of individual component parts of the drive unit.

[0059] The component parts and function elements of the mechanically commutated disc rotor motor 1 are the rotor disc 3 provided with the conductor loops 30, the brushes and brush springs 31, 32 mounted in the bearing points of a motor side crankcase casing 11, the permanent magnets 7 according to FIGS. 1 and 71, 78 according to FIG. 2 serving as magnetic source, as well as the magnetic short circuit 5.

[0060] The rotor disc 3 is connected to a hub 80 which consists of a hub plate 800 which adjoins the surface of the rotor disc 3 and of a hub cylinder 801 which encloses the drive shaft 9 which is fixedly connected to the rotor disc 3. The rotor disc is preferably injection moulded on the hub plate 800 which serves inter alia to increase the mechanical stability of the rotor disc 3. The motor side crankcase casing 11 preferably consists of a ferromagnetic material for forming a magnetic short circuit path.

[0061] The component parts and function elements of the reduction gearbox 2 are a hollow wheel 4 fixed on the housing and having an internally toothed spline 40, a radially flexible ring 6 which meshes by a part of its external teeth 61 with the internal spline 40 of the hollow wheel 4 fixed on the housing, a profiled section of a drive core 8 which engages with an internal sleeve face 62 of the radially flexible ring 6, and a driven hollow wheel 10 which engages by its inner spline 100 with a part of the external spline 61 of the radially flexible ring 6 and which in the illustrated embodiment is formed as a cable drum of a cable window lifter, as well as a gearbox side crankcase casing 12.

[0062] The drive core 8 is formed by the hub 80 which is connected to the rotor disc 3 and which has the planetary wheels 81, 82 which are spaced radially relative to the drive shaft 9 and whose axes 85, 86 are inserted in the hub disc 800 as well as by a collar 850, 860, in the rotor disc 3. The planetary wheels 81, 82 have a profiled ribbed wheel 83, 84 preferably made of rubber which is drawn onto a bearing sleeve 87, 88 preferably made of a sintered material of iron, bronze or an injection moulding plastics. The bearing sleeves 87, 88 are mounted rotatable on the axes 85, 86 of the planetary wheels 81, 82.

[0063] The profiled ribbed wheels 83, 84 of the planetary wheels 81, 82 are in engagement with a similar profiled inner sleeve face 62 of the radially flexible ring 6. The circumferential ribbed shape of the radially flexible ring 6 and the planetary wheels 81, 82 creates a radial tolerance compensation through a flexible geometry, prevents axial migration of the radially flexible ring 6 and ensures a highly smooth running of the reduction gearbox 2.

[0064] The hollow wheel 4 which is fixed relative to the housing is formed by a shaped plastics part 45 injection moulded on the magnetic short circuit 5 of the disc rotor motor 1 and supporting an internally toothed spline 40 which meshes with a part of the externally toothed spline 61 of the radially flexible ring 6. Differing from the hollow wheel 4 fixed on the housing and illustrated in this embodiment and formed as a shaped plastics part 45 with integral internal toothed spline 40 it is possible to injection mould the internally toothed spline 40 directly on the inside ring face of the magnetic short circuit 5 or to fit it on a recessed toothed spline formed directly in the magnetic short circuit 5, or to injection mould it as an internally toothed spline 40 of the hollow wheel 4 on other radially aligned recesses or projections of the magnetic short circuit 5.

[0065] The moulded plastics part 45 has an injection moulded water drainage channel 41 which by means of a sealing lip adjoins a radial wall of a recess 102 of the driven hollow wheel 10 and ensures that moisture cannot pass from the gearbox side of the drive unit into the motor side of the drive unit. Between the driven hollow wheel 10 and the moulded plastics part 45 of the hollow wheel 4 fixed on the housing there is additionally a hollow cavity for a seal which can be inserted in this cavity as a lip seal and which preferably acts as a non-return valve which seals when stationary and opens when running so that an air flow through this hollow cavity region is possible.

[0066] An air guide of this kind can be achieved if the hub 80 has blade elements for forming an axial ventilator with which an air stream is for example sucked in from the motor side (dry space side) of the drive unit and discharged through the driven hollow wheel 10 and the gearbox side crankcase casing 12 to a wet space side of the drive unit.

[0067] The fast running drive shaft 9 is mounted on the one side in a motor side bearing 91 of the motor side crankcase casing 11 and on the other side in a gearbox side bearing 92 of the gearbox side crankcase casing 12. The gearbox side bearing 92 supports on its external circumference a bearing 90 for the slow running driven hollow wheel 10 whose internally toothed spline 100 meshes with a part of the externally toothed spline 61 of the radially flexible ring 6. On its periphery the driven hollow wheel 10 has a spiral shaped groove 101 for holding a window lifter cable 13 which is guided through openings in the gearbox side crankcase casing 12 and which is connected through cable guide rollers to a drive for the window pane of a cable window lifter.

[0068] The connection between the drive unit and base part is provided according to FIG. 6 through several flanges 110, 111, 112 spread out round the circumference of the motor side crankcase casing 11.

[0069] The window lifter cable 12 is mounted outside of the drive unit according to FIG. 6 in a Bowden cable sleeve 130 which is mounted on the gearbox side crankcase casing 12 in Bowden cable supports 14 which can be arranged in variable manner on the gearbox side crankcase casing 12.

[0070] The perspective details shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 of the drive unit shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the construction, functioning and association between the individual component parts of the drive components. Thus FIG. 3 shows an inclined view of the drive unit from the motor side with the magnetic short circuit 5 and the permanent magnets 71 to 78 with alternating polarity connected integral to the magnetic short circuit 5 and designed in tablet form. In the region of the inner ring face of the magnetic short circuit 5 the plastics moulded part 45 of the hollow wheel 4 fixed on the housing is connected to the magnetic short circuit 5, that is is injection moulded on the inner ring face of the magnetic short circuit 5 or is fitted in the manner described above on the inner ring face of the magnetic short circuit 5.

[0071] The radially flexible ring 6 meshes by its external spline 61 with the internal spline 40 of the hollow wheel 4 fixed on the housing, and has on its inner sleeve face 62 a rib-shaped profile which engages with similar formed rib profiles 83, 84 of the planetary wheels 81, 82. The planetary wheels 81, 82 are mounted on the axes 85, 86 which are connected to the drive shaft 9 of the drive unit through the hub, which cannot be seen in this view.

[0072]FIG. 4 shows a perspective inclined view from the gearbox side of the drive unit with the driven hollow wheel 10 formed as a cable drum with spiral-shaped cable guide groove 101 and mounted on the bearing 90 of the housing side bearing casing which holds the drive shaft 9 simultaneously in an inner bearing. This view shows the rotor disc 3 which is provided with conductor loops 30 and is located in the magnetic circuit and of which the permanent magnets 72 to 77 can be seen in the illustration according to FIG. 3.

[0073]FIG. 5 shows a perspective side view of the drive unit with the rotor disc 3, the permanent magnet 7, the magnetic short circuit 5 as well as the radially flexible ring 6 whose external toothed spline 61 projects out for engagement with the internal toothed spline of the driven hollow wheel. The external spline 61 of the radially flexible ring 6 meshes in the illustration according to FIG. 5 with the internal toothed spline 40 of the hollow wheel 4 which is fixed relative to the housing and is injection moulded on the magnetic short circuit 5.

[0074] Inside the radially flexible ring 6 is the drive core with the planetary wheels 81, 82 whose profiled ribbed wheels engage with the ribbed inner sleeve face 62 of the radially flexible ring 6. Furthermore FIG. 5 shows the drive shaft 9 which is mounted with its end projecting out in this illustration in the gearbox side crankcase casing

[0075] Finally FIG. 6 shows a perspective inclined view of the assembled drive unit. The motor side crankcase casing 11 has fixing flanges 110, 111, 112 for attaching to a base part and is connected for example by clip connections to the gearbox side crankcase casing 12. The gearbox side crankcase casing 12 has openings 120 which provide the access for the window lifter cable 13 to the spiral shaped cable guide groove 101 of the driven hollow wheel 10 formed as the cable drum. The window lifter cable 13 is guided in the Bowden cable sleeves 130 which are fixed on Bowden cable supports 14 which can be fitted anywhere round the circumference of the gearbox side crankcase casing 12. In the centre of the drive side crankcase casing 12 is formed the bearing cover 92 for the bearing for the drive shaft or cable drum or the driven hollow wheel 10.

[0076] The drive unit illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 with an electronically commutated disc rotor motor 1 a with integrated revolving wheel gearbox 2 differs from the drive unit illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 6 and described above in the configuration of the motor part as electronically commutated disc rotor motor 1 a, which has a rotating permanent magnet rotor 3 a as well as fixed exciter coils 7 a so that the reference numerals used in FIGS. 7 and 8 coincide with the reference numerals of FIGS. 1 to 6 and consequently reference is made to the aforementioned description of the details relating to the revolving wheel gearbox 2.

[0077] The electronically commutated disc rotor motor 1 a with integrated revolving wheel gearbox 2 is suited especially for higher voltage on-board power supplies and is to be connected with particular advantage to flat-built gearboxes based on the cyclo or harmonic drive principle such as the revolving wheel gearboxes illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8.

[0078] In FIG. 7 fixed exciter coils are mounted on the side of the permanent magnet rotor 3 a opposite the motor side crankcase casing 11 a whilst in FIG. 8 a double-sided arrangement of the fixed exciter coils 7 a and 7 b is provided where the coils are mounted on both sides of the permanent magnet rotor 3 a.

[0079] The rotating permanent magnet rotor 3 a is in the two embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 8 a combination of a support material of plastics or light metal and permanent magnets 30 a which are embedded in or connected to this support material. Sintered or injected neodymium iron bore magnets are preferably used which are manufactured using the twin component technology and form a direct constituent part of the disc rotor motor 3 a.

[0080] The revolving wheel gearbox 2 corresponds in its details to the revolving wheel gearbox 2 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 6 and described above wherein in this embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 the bearing bolts or axes 85, 86 of the planetary wheels 81, 82 are incorporated particularly solid and stable in the rotating permanent magnet rotor 3 a.

[0081]FIG. 9 shows a cross section and FIG. 10 a longitudinal section through a reduction gearbox along the line X-X of FIG. 9 with a hollow wheel fixed on the housing with internally toothed spline 40 and with a driven hollow wheel aligned with the hollow wheel 4 fixed on the housing and lying behind this fixed hollow wheel in the viewing direction, whereby the internally toothed spline 100 of the driven hollow wheel is off-set by a different number of teeth relative to the internal teeth 40 of the hollow wheel 44 fixed on the housing. The externally toothed spline 61 of a radially flexible ring 6 whose inner sleeve face 62 is provided with a ribbed profile 62 a which engages in profiled ribbed wheels 83, 84 of two planetary wheels 81, 82 forming the drive core 8 engages with the internally toothed splines 40, 100 of the hollow wheel 4 fixed on the housing and of the driven hollow wheel.

[0082] The planetary wheels 81, 82 have bearing sleeves 87, 88 preferably made of a sintered material such as iron, bronze or injected plastics, which are mounted rotatable on axes 85, 86 of the planetary wheels 81, 82. The axes 85, 86 are fitted on a web or a hub 80 which is connected to a drive shaft 9.

[0083] The core area 60 or the support material of the radially flexible ring 6 can consist in this embodiment of an elastomer whose shape stability increases from the inner sleeve face 62 towards the external teeth 61, that is changes from a soft, tolerance-compensating and system-damping material into a harder but sufficiently flexible region of the external toothed spline 61.

[0084] The profiled ribbed wheels 83, 84 of the planetary wheels 81, 82 which engage with the profiled inner sleeve face 62 of the radially flexible ring 6 consist of rubber or a soft plastics for a high radial tolerance compensation through a flexible geometry wherein the ribbed structure prevents axial displacements of the radially flexible ring 6 and ensures an extremely smooth running of the reduction gearbox.

[0085] In order to increase the shape stability and durability as well as guarantee a high force and torque transfer the externally toothed spline 61 of the radially flexible ring 6 can be additionally coated with a hard material.

[0086]FIG. 11 shows an exploded view of a drive unit for a cable window lifter with disc rotor motor 1, planetary gearbox 2 with three planetary wheels 81, 82, 89, and an electronics unit 15 controlling the disc rotor motor 1, seen in two different views relative to a vehicle door 18 as the base part.

[0087] The disc rotor motor 1 and the planetary gearbox 2 are enclosed by two casing halves 11 and 12 which have openings for the entrance and exit of the window lifter cable 13. The electronic unit 15 contains inter alia the brushes (not shown) as well as sensors, e.g. for the speed or position of the disc rotor motor 1. It is thereby proposed that the electronics unit 15 be fitted on the dry space side, whilst the disc rotor 1 and the planetary gearbox 2 are located on the wet space side of the vehicle door 18.

[0088] In the dry space which is separated for example from the wet space by a support module (not shown) the electronics unit 15 is shown with the necessary connectors for the voltage supply, the brushes as well as the sensor devices for the position and speed of the disc rotor motor 1.

[0089] On the wet space side there are the remaining components of the drive unit, namely the disc rotor motor 1 and the planetary gearbox 2 as well as the motor side and gearbox side crankcase casings 11 and 12. The motor side crankcase casing 11 contains openings for sensors and brushes which are contacted by corresponding elements in the electronics unit 15. On the side of the motor side crankcase casing 11 remote from the electronics unit 15 there is a magnetic short circuit disc 5, rotor disc 3 and magnetic disc 7.

[0090] The motor side crankcase casing 11, the rotor disc 3, the magnetic short circuit disc 5 and the magnetic disc 7 with integrated short circuit and hollow wheel 4 fixed on the housing together make up the disc rotor motor 1 which is completed by the electronics unit 15 with the brushes. A drive shaft 9 is fixed on the rotor disc 3 and generates the transfer of the rotary movement to the planetary gearbox 2.

[0091] The drive shaft 9 supports a sun wheel 80 which is mounted or moulded rotationally secured thereon and which meshes with the three planetary wheels 81, 82, 89 which are mounted rotatable on a planetary support 800. The planetary support 800 itself is mounted rotatable on the drive shaft 9.

[0092] The planetary wheels 81, 82, 89 are thereby in engagement both with the internally toothed spline 40 of a hollow wheel 4 fixed on the housing and with the internally toothed spline 100 of a driven hollow wheel 10 formed as a cable drum, and as a result of the rotatable bearing of the planetary support 800 revolve round on the internally toothed splines 40 and 100. The window lifter cable 13 which is guided in a spiral shaped groove round the outer circumference of the driven hollow wheel 10 is looped round said driven hollow wheel 10.

[0093] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11 the door inside panel, door module or the support plate of the vehicle door forms the base part 18 and—as explained above—can be incorporated as support or stabilising element as well as magnetic short circuit into the structure of the drive unit.

[0094] With the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11 however it is essential that all the components of the drive unit can be fitted together in one assembly direction and thus enable a simple time-saving cost effective assembly. 

1. Drive unit with an electric motor (1, 1 a, 1 b), a gearbox (2) and an electronic control device (15), more particularly for adjusting devices in motor vehicles, characterised in that at least one component part of the electric motor (1, 1 a, 1 b) such as for example the drive shaft (9) or the magnetic short circuit (5, 5 a) or the motor side crankcase casing (11, 11 a) additionally provides a mechanical function of the gearbox (2) and/or a mechanical component part such as for example the gearbox side crankcase casing (12) provides a function of the electric motor (1, 1 a, 1 b) or the electronic control device (15).
 2. Drive unit according to claim 1 characterised in that the gearbox comprises a reduction gearbox (2) with hollow wheel (4) fixed on the housing and having a cylindrical internally toothed spline (40) with a first number of teeth, a driven hollow wheel (10) which has a cylindrical internally toothed spline (100) with a second number of teeth, and a drive core (8) driven by the electric motor (1, 1 a, 1 b), whereby the core engages circumferentially with the internally toothed splines (40, 100) of the hollow wheel (4) fixed on the housing, and of the driven hollow wheel (10).
 3. Drive unit according to claim 2 characterised in that in order to form a reduction gearbox (2) as revolving wheel gearbox between the drive core (8) on one side and the hollow wheel (4) fixed on the housing and driven hollow wheel (10) on the other side, there is a radially flexible ring (6) which has an internal sleeve face (62) engaging with the drive core (8), as well as an externally toothed spline (61) of which a circumferential section or several circumferential sections engage(s) partially with the internally toothed splines (40, 100) of the hollow wheel (4) fixed on the housing and the driven hollow wheel (10).
 4. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the electric motor is formed as a disc rotor motor (1, 1 a, 1 b) with a rotor disc (3, 3 a) which is connected to a drive shaft (9), with at least one permanent magnet (7; 71-78) or fixed exciter coils (7 a, 7 b) and with a magnetic short circuit (5, 5 a).
 5. Drive unit according to claim 4 characterised in that the electric motor consists of a mechanically commutated motor (1) with electric windings (30) and a collector-supporting rotor disc (3), a stator supporting the at least one permanent magnet (7, 71 to 78), and a commutating device (31, 32) which is connected to the motor side crankcase casing (11).
 6. Drive unit according to claim 4 characterised in that the electric motor consists of an electronically commutated motor (1 a) with a disc like permanent magnet motor (3 a) and fixed exciter coils (7 a, 7 b).
 7. Drive unit according to claim 6 characterised in that the fixed exciter coils (7 a, 7 b) are mounted on one or both sides of the disc like permanent magnet rotor (3 a).
 8. Drive unit according to claim 6 or 7 characterized in that the permanent magnet rotor (3 a) consists of a combination of a support material of plastics or light metal and permanent magnets (30 a) embedded therein.
 9. Drive unit according to claim 8 characterised in that the permanent magnets (30 a) are made of sintered or injected neodymium iron bore magnets.
 10. Drive unit according to claim 9 characterised in that the injected neodymium iron bore magnets are made using the twin component technology and are a direct constituent part of the permanent magnet rotor (3 a).
 11. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that at least a part of the component parts (3, 3 a, 5, 5 a, 7, 7 a, 7 b, 9; 4, 6, 8, 10) of the drive components (electric motor 1, 1 a, 1 b and gearbox 2) is supported on alternate sides or serves as a supporting component part for positioning or supporting component parts (3, 3 a, 5, 5 a, 7, 7 a, 7 b, 9; 4, 6, 8, 10) of each other drive components (electric motor or disc rotor motor 1, 1 a, 1 b and gearbox 2) or the electronic control device (15) whereby in particular at least one component part of the electric motor (1, 1 a, 1 b), for example the drive shaft (9), the magnetic short circuit (5) or the motor side crankcase casing (11, 11 a) additionally provides a mechanical function of the gearbox (2) and/or a mechanical component part, for example the gearbox side crankcase casing (12) provides a function of the electric motor (1, 1 a, 1 b) or the electronic control device (15).
 12. Drive unit according to claim 11 characterised in that the magnetic short circuit (5) of the disc rotor motor (1, 1 a, 1 b) directly supports the internally toothed spline (40) of the hollow wheel (4) fixed relative to the housing.
 13. Drive unit according to claim 11 or 12 characterised in that the internal toothed spline (40) of the hollow wheel (4) fixed on the housing is injection moulded as plastics toothing on the magnetic short circuit (5) of the disc rotor motor (1, 1 a, 1 b).
 14. Drive unit according to claim 13 characterised in that the internal toothed spline (40) of the hollow wheel (4) fixed on the housing is injection moulded on a recessed toothing formed on the surface of the magnetic short circuit (5, 5 a).
 15. Drive unit according to claim 13 characterised in that the internal toothed spline (40) of the hollow wheel (4) fixed on the housing is injection moulded on radial recesses and/or projections of the magnetic short circuit (5, 5 a).
 16. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the magnetic short circuit (5) has means for locating and positioning the at least one preferably tablet-formed circular ring segment shaped or circular ring shaped permanent magnet (7, 71-78).
 17. Drive unit according to claim 16 characterised in that the magnetic short circuit (5) is formed ring disc shaped and the permanent magnets (7; 71-78) are positioned and fixed in position by means of a plastics ring (45) which surrounds the ring inside face (50) of the ring disc shaped magnetic short circuit (5) and which supports the internal toothed spline (40, 100) of the hollow wheel (4) fixed on the housing.
 18. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the magnetic short circuit (5, 5 a) after fixing the drive unit has at least in part a direct contact with the door inside panel, door module or support plate of a vehicle door (18).
 19. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the magnetic short circuit (5, 5 a) is designed reinforced only in the flow-guiding region.
 20. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that bearing sites for the drive core (8) of the reduction gearbox (2) are formed in the rotor disc (3, 3 a) radially spaced from the drive shaft (9).
 21. Drive unit according to claim 20 characterised in that the drive core (8) contains at least two planetary wheels (81, 82) arranged diametrically relative to the drive shaft (9) and whose axes (85, 86) are connected to the rotor disc (3).
 22. Drive unit according to claim 20 or 21 characterised in that the drive shaft (9) is connected to a hub (80) in which the axes (85, 86) of the planetary wheels (81, 82) are inserted radially spaced from the drive shaft (9).
 23. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the hub (80) consists of a hub plate (800) injection moulded on the rotor disc (3, 3 a), and of a hub cylinder (801) which surrounds the centre region of the drive shaft (9).
 24. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the motor side crankcase casing (11, 11 a) consists of a ferromagnetic material and is part of the magnetic short circuit.
 25. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 23 characterised in that the motor side crankcase casing (11, 11 a) consists of plastics and is connected to a ferromagnetic short circuit element.
 26. Drive unit according to claim 24 or 25 characterised in that the motor side crankcase casing (11, 11 a) is an integral constituent part of a support element (e.g. a conductor plate) of the electronic control device (15).
 27. Drive unit according to claim 24 or 25 characterised in that the motor side crankcase casing (11, 11 a) is connectable with the electronic control device (15).
 28. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims 24 to 27 characterised in that the motor side crankcase casing (11, 11 a) supports a sensor device for the drive unit.
 29. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the drive shaft (9) forms both the motor shaft connected to the rotor disc (3, 3 a) and the gearbox shaft connected to the drive core (8).
 30. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the gearbox side crankcase casing (12) has a bearing element (92) whose inner region supports the drive shaft (9) and on whose outer region (90) the driven hollow wheel (10) is mounted free of interaction.
 31. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the injection moulded plastics toothed spline (40) of the hollow wheel (4) fixed on the housing contains a conical water drainage channel (41) which sealingly adjoins an inner face of the driven hollow wheel (10) facing the electric motor (1).
 32. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the radially flexible ring (6) is geometrically shaped by the planetary wheels (81, 82) or on the elements connected to the hub (80) so that it engages in predeterminable manner with the counter teeth, more particularly in relation to the number of teeth engaging simultaneously in the counter teeth and to the engagement depth.
 33. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the electric motor (1) and gearbox (2) are clipped together in the assembled state.
 34. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the magnetic short circuit (5, 5 a) and the permanent magnets (7; 71 to 78; 30 a) consist in a combination of soft and hard magnetic material and are made entirely or in part in the injection moulding process.
 35. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the planetary wheels (81, 82) have hollow cylindrical bearing sleeves (87,88) made of sintered material and mounted about the axes (85, 86).
 36. Drive unit according to claim 35 characterised in that the bearing sleeves (87, 88) have a tolerance-compensating and vibration-damping outer elastic lining (83, 84).
 37. Drive unit according to claim 36 characterised in that the tolerance compensating and vibration-damping outer elastic linings (83, 84) are formed as profiled ribbed wheels.
 38. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the axes (85, 86) of the planetary wheels (81, 82) are injection moulded on the hub (80).
 39. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the hub (80) has blade elements for forming an axial ventilator with which a cooling air current is sucked in from a dry space side of the drive unit, preferably the side of the electric motor (1), and discharged to a wet space side of the drive unit, preferably through the driven hollow wheel (10) and the gearbox side crankcase casing (12).
 40. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims for a cable window lifter of a motor vehicle characterised in that the driven hollow wheel is formed as a cable roller (10) and that the gearbox side crankcase casing (12) has openings (120) for passing through a window lifter cable (13).
 41. Drive unit according to claim 40 characterised in that a variable mounting for the window lifter cable (13) is provided in the cable winding (101) of the cable roller (10).
 42. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that Bowden cable supports (14) of a Bowden cable surrounding the window lifter cable (13) are connectable in any position directly with the gearbox side crankcase casing (12) whereby the cable mountings are formed on the cable drum (10) so that the window lifter cable (13) can be hung at the end of assembly.
 43. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the cable drum (10) and the radially flexible ring (6) form a function element.
 44. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims for an adjusting device in motor vehicle doors characterised in that the fixing of the drive unit on a door module is undertaken by a bayonet lock or by clip elements.
 45. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the components (1, 1 a; 2; 15) of the drive unit can be fitted together in one assembly direction.
 46. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the base part (18, e.g. door panel, door module or other support, more particularly of an adjusting device for motor vehicles) holding the drive unit is ferromagnetic and the components (1, 1 a, 2; 15) of the drive unit are connected to the base part (18) so that the base part (18) forms a part of the magnetic short circuit path.
 47. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the base part (18) is formed at least in part as a mechanically supporting part of the drive unit.
 48. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the magnetic short circuit (5, 5 a) has fixing points for the motor side crankcase casing (11, 11 a), gearbox side crankcase casing (12) and/or the base part (18) housing the drive unit.
 49. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the drive unit is connectable with the base part (18) so that semi conductor elements for supplying the electric motor can be connected thermally to the base part (18) which serves as the coolant body.
 50. Drive unit according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the drive components are connectable with the base part (18) so that the heat loss of the electric motor (1,1 a, 1 b) is discharged at least in part through the base part (18). 